EBSU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

Table of Content

HUMANITIES EBSU JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES — 2024-07-31

VOL. 14 NO. 4, 2024

HATE SPEECH AND NATIONAL COHESION

Benjamin Chimatụlamụra Igbeaku — 2024-07-31

The use of hate speech by Nigerian politicians on social media, national dailies and television channels is alarming. Hate speech is any abhorrent utterance, gesture, writing or form of linguistic behaviour which could provoke people to harmful action and reaction. Such speech derogates and robs the target audience of their dignity. This study specifically examines the phenomenon of hate speech by Nigerian politicians to find out its linguistic implicatures in national cohesion. Extracting data from social media, national dailies and television channels, this work qualitatively analyses the data using cooperative principles’ theoretical framework. The results of the finding show the evidence of quadruple maxims of the cooperative principle: quantity, quality, relevance and manner. In essence, the study reveals that the hate speech of Nigerian politicians is informative; albeit, it breaks some of the maxims of the cooperative principle. The study, therefore, shows traces of falsity, lack of adequate evidence, sarcasm, irrelevance, and unnecessary brevity. The analyses demonstrate that Nigerian politicians impolitely make hate speech against their political opponents across political parties, regions, religions, and ethnicity. In adherence to the tenets of the cooperative principle, the ‘implicatures’ of the speech act are incitement to national incoherence, political violence, regional hatred, religious intolerance and ethnic bickering. Premised on the above adverse effects of hate speech, this study advocates for the appropriate prosecution of any partisan or political party who violates the Prohibition Acts of hate speeches to avoid an incidence of a debacle in Nigeria as recorded in Bosnia, Herzegovina, Kenya and Rwanda years ago.

UNDERSTANDING ESSENTIALS OF IGUE FESTIVAL OF BENIN PEOPLE IN PROMOTING TRADITIONAL PEACE

Asemota Roberts Osatohanmwen — 2024-07-31

In Benin Kingdom, African traditional religion predated Christianity. Therefore, culture is a way of life of a particular society connected with its own beliefs and customs. The Igue cultural festival is the celebration of an event associated to specific activity of Benin people for a unique traditional presentation and entertainment. In Nigeria, there are harvest of festival celebrations by different ethnic groups and social organizations that share common cultural traditions for purpose of sociocultural reawakening through art, music, films movies, dance and literature. This study examines the Igue cultural festival, makes a conceptual discourse and as well as includes significance of the celebration. Often a religious one done in days, period of the year, as a special event within the ancestral guidance of Oba of Benin pronouncement. The methodology relies on both primary and secondary sources of its data. The study further show-case the Igue festival as spiritual enrichment of cultural heritage of Benin Kingdom, promoting sustainable traditional peace and tourism in Edo State.

GRANITE MINERAL EXPLOITATION IN SELECTED HOST COMMUNITIES OF EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA, 1996 – 2017

Okoro Onu EWA — 2024-07-31

Ezza, Ikwo, and Izzi communities of Ebonyi State are richly endowed with granite mineral deposits. This resource has been exploited by both indigenous and expatriate mining companies for decades. Having hosted both indigenous and expatriate mining companies for decades, one will have thought that the resources and the operations of these companies ought to have contributed to the socio-economic development of these communities. Unfortunately, this has not been the case. The paper, therefore, examines the role the granite deposit and mining have played in the socio-economic development of these communities between 1996 and 2017. The study utilizes both primary and secondary sources while content analysis and historical analytical research approaches were employed in the analysis of data. The paper submits that granite mineral exploitation in Ezza, Ikwo, and Izzi has adversely affected the socio-economic development of the host communities. We, therefore, recommend that favourable terms and conditions of agreement as well as adequate government regulation of the mining companies be implemented to make for the socio-economic development of the host communities.

THE US AND FRENCH COIN EXPERIENCES IN VIETNAM AND ALGERIA

Blessing J. Edet — 2024-07-31

This study analyzes, in comparative and historical context, international events as they concern the US and French approaches to counter-insurgency (COIN) in Algeria and Vietnam. While the two super-powers embraced a whole gamut of counter-insurgency experiences, this study is selective in discussing the major differences and similarities that distinguished their approaches to COIN in both Algeria and Vietnam. Leaning on the basic principles and foundations of international studies, continuity and changes that occurred over time in respective COIN operations and experiences have been identified. While indices bordering on: ‘colonial origins’, ‘adoption of familiar COIN principles’, and ‘war of national resistance’, have been put forward as causal explanation for similarities in the COIN operations, the US and French COINs, however, differed in the application of the COIN principles. The later determined the overall success and failure of the COIN operations in Vietnam and Algeria.

AN ETHICAL INQUIRY INTO GENETIC ENGINEERING AND REORDERING OF NATURE

Chukwuebuka Ahana — 2024-07-31

The paper reflects on the use of the medical technology, genetic engineering. It exposes the different forms of the application of this practice and the obvious benefits. Among other things, the paper acknowledges that genetic engineering has contributed enormously to the treatment of many genetic disorders and several deadly diseases. However, polemics have created a problem of blind acceptance or rejection of genetic engineering. This paper is an ethical evaluation and arguments for and against the practices of genetic engineering. Its import lies in provision of ethical guideline as to what should be accepted or rejected of these technological interventions on genes production. Hence, the paper is aimed at exposition of these arguments and drawing their ethical implications. Employing expository and critical methods, the paper argued that genetic engineering is like every other scientific innovations which has both positive and negative effects; and hence it cannot be rejected or abolished since its benefits far outweigh, and compensate for, its shortcomings. This is with the exception of germline genetic engineering which should be rejected because it disrupts nature and the created order in the universe in such a manner that endangers the continuous existence of the human species.

ELECTORAL CORRUPTION AND GLOBAL IMAGE

Rosemary Anaele — 2024-07-31

Nigeria, a nation that has sought to solidify its strategic interests as a regional power in Africa and globally since gaining independence, has been severely disrupted and weakened by a series of image crises. Factors such as ineffective leadership, rampant political corruption, and flawed electoral processes have instigated these crises, negatively impacting Nigeria's international standing. The paper focused on analysing Nigeria's 2023 general election, specifically examining electoral corruption and its impact on Nigeria's global image. The paper employs the linkage theory, which asserts that Nigeria's efforts to establish a favourable image will fail as long as electoral fraud persists in its domestic sphere. The work analyses secondary data obtained from various sources, such as journals, magazines, newspapers, among others. The analyses conducted were qualitative in nature. The paper revealed that Nigeria's substantial electoral corruption poses a hugely deceptive sense of security, and global investors may want to transfer their assets to more tranquil nations in order to safeguard their interests. Thus, if Nigeria continues to face electoral disorder, as evidenced by the egregious fraud in the 2023 general election, it will find itself in a disadvantageous position within the evolving global and continental order as a state actor in the international system. The paper suggests that in order to uphold the democratic system, elections must consistently adhere to the principles of freedom and fairness. A nation's democratic system may face challenges if not properly managed, leading other nations to doubt its capacity to actively participate in the global distribution of labour.

THE EFFECTS OF THE RUSSIA AND UKRAINE WAR ON NIGERIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Ohis Benjamin OKHAWERE — 2024-07-31

This study examined the effects of the Russia and Ukraine war on Nigeria international trade. It focuses on how the Russian and Ukrainian war has affected Nigerian international trade and economic activities. To guide this study, three research questions were raised in line with the objectives of the study. Relevant literature by scholars in agreement with the objectives of the study were reviewed. This study is historical in nature hence it adopted descriptive method of data collection. Data were collected from secondary sources, such as books, journal articles, magazines, internet sources, international and national conference proceedings, published and unpublished articles. The study employed annual data spanning from 2014 to 2022 to uncover the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on trade relations extracted from the World Development Indicators (WDI). Data gathered wereanalysed qualitatively using the content analysis in examining the various issues that were raised in the study. The findings of this study indicated that the Russia-Ukraine conflict has led to global supply chain disruption, increased energy costs, increased fuel imports and subsidy bills, government fiscal operations, the smuggling of petroleum products on the decreased wheat export from the region. It also revealed that the war had both positive and negative effects on Nigeria’s international trade, including a decline in Nigeria-Russia trade, soaring food prices, increased crude oil prices and changes in oil production structure. That Nigeria has also diversified trade attention to other suppliers of agricultural products such as Poland and Canada and has extended ties with Poland and trade with Canada, the United States and Brazil for wheat and other agricultural products. On the strength of the above findings, the researcher recommend that policymakers must begin to focus on alternative means of subsistence in the event that Russia decides to respond by punishing the rest of the world through export restrictions and that Policy makers and national stakeholders should support domestic production of essential commodities imported from Russia and even from Ukraine.

WAR AGAINST CYBERCRIME

Victoria Ozioma Uchime — 2024-07-31

Cybercrime among Nigerian youths has rapidly been on the increase in recent times, plunging Nigeria into about #127 billion losses annually among other human and material losses. Arguably, this has been largely attributed to such factors as increasing youth unemployment, population increase, poverty, peer group influence, access to the internet, and mobile and computer technological improvement, among others. The Nigerian governments on their part have also adopted various measures including jobs creation, social intervention programmes, the introduction of Bank Verification Number (BVN), the establishment of the Nigerian Electronic Fraud Forum (NeFF), Nigerian Interbank Settlement System (NIBSS), Nigerian Deposit Monetary Banks (NDMB), Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), Cybercrime Act, 2015, Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Commission (ICPC), among other measures towards curbing the surge of the menace of cybercrime; yet, the situation seems not abating. This paper, therefore, examines how Nigerian governments have contributed to the promotion of cybercrime among Nigerian youths. The paper adopts a qualitative research method, it utilizes secondary data. The paper employs a historical and analytical approach in the interpretation of its data. Findings reveal that the proliferation of cybercrime among Nigerian youths during the period under investigation is largely consequent upon the failure of the government to timely engage the youths in productive and gainful employment and poor implementation of the enacted anti-cybercrime policies in Nigeria.

AFRICAN COSMOLOGY

Stephen Chijioke Nwinya — 2024-07-31

Liberal democracy is much vaunted as the best political system with the capacity to satisfy man’s ultimate desire – the quest for recognition. This image of democracy is blurred by the outcome of the imposition of the system on Africa. Decades of efforts to implant democracy in Africa have yielded very minimal positive results. The system as practiced in Africa negates every established principle of democracy. Features palpable in ‘African’ democracy include god fatherism, ethnic and religious nepotism, hijack of electoral processes, political inequality and sit-tight-syndrome. Efforts to ascertain the why of failure of democracy in Africa abound with myriads of solutions proffered to no avail. This new effort to get to the root of crisis of democracy on the continent casts a critical look at African cosmology to see how its fundamental dispositions tally with the principles of democracy. This is propped on the fact that for an imported system to be absorbed there must be some modification of people’s basic beliefs and values. In the case of democracy, as in many other imported systems in Africa, the failure to adapt African cosmology to the principles of democracy facilitates the reverse process of democracy being modified to suit Africans. It is the stand of this write up that democracy does not suit Africa because many fundamental African beliefs and values such as communitarianism, social stratification, respect of elders etc which are anti-democracy are what Africans are fighting to preserve. There must be fundamental cosmology revolution if the much valued democracy is to take root in Africa.

CONCEPTION OF ‘ORI’ (HEAD) IN THE YORUBA BELIEF SYSTEM

Gabriel Tunde ONIPEDE — 2024-07-31

This paper attempts an ethical appraisal of the Conception of ‘Ori’ (head) in the Yoruba belief system in a bid to confront the inconsistencies the various meanings the concept has generated and suggests panacea to the absurdities. Considering the stimulating debate about the nature of Africa philosophy, both academia in Africa and Nigeria origin generally focused more on the exercise of critical analysis and conceptual clarifications. One of such exercises that attracted the attention of philosophers in this regard is the Yoruba concept of ‘Ori’ (inner head). This study was informed by many ambiguous interpretations of the concept of ‘Ori’ (inner head) in which ‘Ori’ was referred to as ‘Personality Soul’, ‘Guardian Angel’, ‘Destiny’, ‘Character’, and ‘An Entity’ which sounds so confused. This research sets to demystify and unburden this confusion. Consequent on this, employing the analytic and conversational methods, this research looked at the Yoruba concept of ‘Ori’ from comparative study of different individual’s interpretations. This paper submits that until African philosophers especially scholars from Yoruba speaking area of Nigeria agree on a particular and coherent meaning of ‘Ori’, or admits that ‘Ori’ can be used to refer to different things depending on the context of use, the concept will continue to lead to contradictions and absurdities

A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NOMINAL GROUP STRUCTURES OF ENGLISH AND URHOBO

Monday O. Akpojisheri — 2024-07-31

The paper undertook a contrastive analysis of the nominal group structures of English and Urhobo. Data for the study were randomly selected from books and articles published by native and non native speakers of English. For Urhobo, data were obtained from books and articles published by native speakers. The descriptive method was used for the analysis of data. The procedure for data analysis followed that specified by Lado (1964) which states that we begin with an analysis of foreign language and compare it structure by structure with native language. The nominal group structures of English and Urhobo were compared and contrasted using Halliday's scale and category grammatical model. The paper notes that the observed differences between the nominal group of both languages can create learning problems to the Urhobo learners of English. It is suggested that intensive exposure be given to the Urhobo learners in English nominal group structure.

INTERROGATING THE PLACE OF CONTEXT IN DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Prisca O. BOB — 2024-07-31

The relationship that exists between context and discourse is that of mutual exclusivity. Context is the totality of environment in which participants interact. It helps in the interpretation of meanings which do not rely solely on the grammaticality of the utterance but also on the communicative situations governing such an utterance. That being the case, context plays a fundamental role in determining meaning. This highlights the idea that meaning does not exist in a vacuum but is rather a function of the environment of discourse, which include but is not limited to the social, cultural and linguistic environment. This study examines the crucial role of context in shaping the meaning and interpretation of discourse, with a focus on language use and power dynamics. Through a critical discourse analysis of a discourse extract, this research reveals how context influences the construction of meaning and how language use reflects and shapes social and political inequalities. The findings highlight the importance of contextual analysis in uncovering the complex relationships between language, power, and context. This study contributes to our understanding of the ways in which language use perpetuates dominant discourses and reinforces social and political inequalities, and underscores the need for critical discourse analysis in challenging these inequalities. The study's recommendations emphasize the importance of critical language awareness, contextual analysis, and inclusive language use in promoting social and political change.

DISSECTING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LINGUISTICS, BIOLOGY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Monica Nnenne Okafor — 2024-07-31

The existential correlation between linguistics, biology and information technology is seldom considered by many. This study rises to concisely dissect the correlation between these fields. It reveals that linguistics correlate biology and information technology. It also shows that information, science and methodological naturalism correlate linguistics, biology and information technology. These realities are given credence by theoretical postulations of the Theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics and the Theory of Structural Functionalism. From the analysis and through the lens of these theories, the study concludes that linguistics, biology and information technology correlate and demonstrate connective functionality that has existential or natural bearing. The study recommends consistent exposition of these realities to the layman by linguists.

MMETỤTA ỌRỊA NTỌNTỌ ANOMIA N’ỤTỌASỤSỤ NDỊNỌRỤ NKWỤRỊTA OKWU

Ndubuisi Ogbonna AHAMEFULA — 2024-07-31

Nchọcha a nychochara mmetụta ọrịa ntọntọ anomia n'ụtọasụsụ ndịnọrụ nkwurita okwu. Nkwurita okwu bụ mbido maọbụ ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ n'ebe mmekọrịta mmadụ n'ibe ya nọ. Mbumuche nchọcha a bụ ịchọpụta etu ọrịa ntọntọ Anomia si emetụta ụtọasụsụ ndinọrụ nkwurịta okwu. E jiri usoro nlere anya na ịjụ ajụjụ ọnụ were nweta njiatule e jiri mee nchọcha a. Ọ bụ usoro nkwọwa ka e jiri hazie ihe a chọpụtara. E jiri usoro sọvee nweta njiatule nchọcha a. Ebe a nọrọ mee nchọcha a bụ nnụkwụ ụlọọgwụ dị n'Enugu a na-akpọ University of Nigerian Teaching Hospital (UNTH) dị n’Etuku Ọzalla dị n'Enugu Steeti. Ọ bụ otu dibia bekee na ndị nọọsụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ n’ụlọọgwụ ahu ka agbara ajụjụ ọnụ iji nweta njiale nchọcha a.Ọ bụ ebe e nwere ụlọọgwụ na-ahụ maka ọrịa ntọntọ na ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Njiatule e nwetara maka nchọcha a bụ nke e jiri usoro nkọwa nyochaa Nchọpụta nchọcha a gosịrị na okwu ndị nwere ọrịa ntọntọ anaghị edo ndị mmadụ anya nke na-eme ka nghọta ihe ha na-ekwu na-agba ndị mmadụ gharị. Nchọpụta nchọcha a gosikwara na-onye nwere ọrịa Anomia na-enwe nghọta okwu e kwuru n'ọnụ. onye ahụ na-agụkwa ihe ederede mana ọ na-enwe nhiaahụ n'icheta okwu ọ ga-ekwu maọbụ ede n'akwụkwọ. Ọ na-akpọpụta mkpụrụokwu maọbụrụ na agwa ya ihe bidoro okwu ahụ. Ọ na-echefukarị nkejiasụsụ dịka ngwaa, aha na nnọchiaha mgbe ọ na-ekwu okwu maọbụ ede ihe n'akwụkwọ; Ọ nwere ike ịkọwa uru ihe bara mana ọ gaghị echeta aha ihe ahụ,

NDỌGHACHI AZỤ ỌMỤMỤ ASỤSỤ IGBO N’ỤLỌAKWỤKWỌ SEKỌNDỊRỊ NDỊ DỊ NA KANSỤLỤ ABANKALEKE N’OKPURU ỌCHỊCHỊ STEETI EBONYI

Emmanuel Emenike Mpamugo — 2024-07-31

Asụsụ bụ ụzọ ndị si egosipụta ndụ na nhụrụụwa ha. Mba ọbụla n’ụwa gaa gburugburu nwere asụsụ ha na-asụ ma bụrụ asụsụ njirimara ha. Asụsụ Igbo bụ otu n’ime asụsụ a na-asụ n’ala Naịjirịa. Asụsụ Igbo na-anyụzi dịka ọkụ, ndị nwe asụsụ a ejighizi ya kpọrọ ihe. Ọ bụ ọnọdụ dị otu a kpalitere mmasị nchọcha a nke bụ ịchọpụta ihe ndị na-ebute ndọghachi azụ ọmụmụ asụsụ Igbo n’ụlọakwụkwọ Sekọndịrị ndị dị na kansụlụ Abankaleke nke dị n’okpuru ọchịchị steeti Ebonyi. Atụtụ a gbadoro ụkwụ wee mee nchọcha a bụ atụtụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke Albert Bandura (1977). Nchọcha a bụ nke nlegharị adịm. Usoro nhọpụta njirime gbadoro ụkwụ n’ụlọakwụkwọ Sekọndịrị iri ebe a họrọ ụmụakwụkwọ narị abụọ. A gbara ndị njirime ajụjụ ọnụ nke a gụpụtaara ha site na njụmaza, ma site na nke a nweta njatule e jiri mee ntụcha. Site n’ọsịsa e nwetara, nchọcha a hụtara na ihe ndị na-ebute ndọghachi azụ a gụnyere: iji asụsụ Bekee akuzi asụsụ Igbo, ejighi ngwa nkuzi ziri ezi akuzi asụsụ Igbo, akparamaagwa ndị nne na nna n’ebe asụsụ Igbo nọ, enweghi ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi a zụrụ n’ikuzi asụsụ Igbo, na nleghara anya gọọmentị. Ndị nchọcha gara n’ihu tụpụta aro ndị ga-ebelata ndọghachi azụ ndị a, nke gụnyere: iji asụsụ Igbo akuzi asụsụ Igbo, iji ezi ngwa nkuzi akuzi asụsụ Igbo, ndị nne na nna na ụmụ ha iji asụsụ Igbo akparịta nkata, ịkwalite ọmụmụ asụsụ Igbo na kọleje ebe a na-azụ ndị nkuzi, na kwa gọọmentị ime ka ọ bụrụ iwu n’ụlọakwụkwọ ọbụla nọ na Steeti Ebonyi ga na-akuzi asụsụ Igbo. Ha kwenyere na aro ndị a ha tụpụtara ga-enye aka kwalite ọmụmụ na uto asụsụ Igbo.

MKPỌHIE NA NTAGHERI ỌNỤ ONYE ỤJỌ JI MGBE Ọ NA-EME NRỤRỊTA ỤKA (DEBATE)

Ndubuisi Ogbonna AHAMEFULA — 2024-07-31

Nchọcha a e mere bụ n’isiokwu bụ Mkpọhie na ntagheri ọnụ nke onye ụjọ ji na-atagheri mgbe ọ na-eme nrụrụtaụka. E mere ka a mata na jenda so n’ihe na-eme ka mmadụ na-enwe ntagheri ọnụ mgbe a na-ekwu okwu ọsọ ọsọ. Ndị na-eme nrụrịtaụka bụ ndị na-agbalị ịkwupụta ọkpụrụkpụ echiche ha ọsọ ọsọ ka ọ ga-abụ na ha ga-ekwuputacha ihe niile ha kwadoro tupu na oge e nyere ya ezuo. Ọ bụ mgbe ha na-eme nke a ka ha nwere ike ichefu otu ihe nke ga-eme ka ha nwee ntagheri ọnụ. E nwere udi nsogbu abụọ e nwere na nchọcha a. Nke mbụ bụ na a chọrọ imata ka ndị na-eme nrụrịtaụka si enwe ntagheri ọnụ. Nchọcha a ga-eme ka ndị nchọcha mata ihe ndị ha ga-eme ka wee belata nsogbu ntagheri ọnụ, ọ kachasị mgbe a na-eme nrụrịta ụka. N’inweta ihe a chọrọ, e jiri nkọwasị were chọpụtagasia ihe ndị a chọrọ. Ọ bụ ya ka e jiri kọwapụta njiatule. Ndị nchọcha kewasịrị njiatule ntagheri ọnụ dika Caroll (1986) siri mee ya.

NKỤZI MMEREMME OMENALA AKPAMOKE NDỊ IGBO NA ỤZỌ NKWALITE IKIKERE ỤMỤNWAANYỊ MAKA NWETA EBUMNOBI MBA ỤWA N’ỌNỌDỤ ABỤM NWAANYỊ N’OGO SENCHURI IRI ABỤỌ N’OTU

Gloria Ngozi Ugbor — 2024-07-31

Nchọcha a lebara anya na nkụzi mmeremme omenala akpamoke n’ala Igbo na ụzọ nkwalite ikikere ụmụnwaanyị maka nweta ebumnobi mba ụwa n’ọnọdụ nnwereonwe ha n’ogo senchuri iri abụọ n’otu. Mbụnuche nchọcha a bụ ịmata mmeremme omenala akpamoke e nwere n’ala Igbo bụ nke e ji emegide ọnọdụ abụm nwaanyị na ihe ndị na- egbochi ikpochapụ ha. Ajụjụ nchọcha abụọ ka e ji wee mee nchọcha a. Ndị nchọcha gbasoro usoro nkọwa sọvee wee mee nchọcha ya. E ji usoro nhọrọ nha na usoro nhọrọ ebumnobi wee họpụta ndị nkuzi asụsụ Igbo dị iri asatọ e ji mee nchọcha. Ngwa e jiri mee nchọcha a bụ njụmaza bụ nke ihe e depụtara na ya dị iri atọ na abụọ (32) n’ ime nkeji abụọ. Maka inyocha ngwa nchọcha, ndị nkụzi abụọ na ngalaba amụmamụ Igbo na otu onye nkụzi na-akụzi na ngalaba measurement na evaluation lebara anya na ya, bụ ndị si na ngalaba mahadum nke Naịjirịa Nsukka. Ndị nchọcha lelere ịnọgide n‘ọnọdụ nke agbanweghị agbanwe site n‘iji usoro ntụcha data a na-akpọ Cronbach‘s Alpha na Bekee, ma e nwetara akara 0.75. E jiri ntụcha miin, ndịpụ n‘izugbe wee nweta ọsịsa ajụjụ nchọcha. Nchọcha e mere gosiri na omenala akpamoke ndị a dị iche iche e nwere n’ala Igbo gụnyere nwoke igosipụta ikikere dị iche iche n’ihi na ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ isi nwaanyị, ịhapụ inye nwaanyị oke ọbụla ma ọ gbaa alụkwaghị m, ịkwụghachi ụgwọ isi nwaanyị, ịhụta nwa nwoke dịka naanị ihe bụ nwa n’ala Igbo na ndị ọzọ. Nchọcha ọzọ gosikwara na ihe ndị na- egbochi ikpochapụ omenala mmekpa ahụ ndị ahụ n’ala Igbo gụnyere nkwenye ha nwere n’omenala Igbo, agụmakwụkwọ a napụrụ ụmụnwaanyị ikikere ya n’oge gboo, mperi mmejupụta iwu dị iche iche na ndị ọzọ. Ndị nchọcha tụtara alo mkpa ọ dị inye ụmụnwaanyị, ụmụnwoke niile, ndị eze, ndị chiri echichi, ọha na eze ndị Igbo, ọzụzụ ịmata mkpa ọ dị ime ka ụmụnwaanyị nwere onwe ha n’omenala akpamoke ndị a, nakwa uru ọ bara n’ịkwalite ọnọdụ ezinaụlọ nakwa akụnụba ọha obodo.

A SKILLFUL EVALUATION OF LANGUAGE PLANNING FRAMEWORKS RESOLUTION AS A NATIONAL TOOL IN INDONESIA

Temitope OLAIFA — 2024-07-31

The national language planning of Indonesia is critically examined in this essay, with an emphasis on Bahasa Indonesia's role as a unifying language in the culturally diverse archipelago. The analysis evaluates the historical underpinnings, current issues, and potential future paths. It also looks at policy implementation gaps, socioeconomic inequalities, and conflicts between language diversity and standardization. Comprehensive implementation plans, linguistic equity campaigns, adaptive standardization, culturally aware methods, digital literacy campaigns, cooperative research, and calculated international involvement are among the suggestions. The study highlights the need to solve these issues and imagines a time when language concord is abundant and diversity is celebrated while preserving a strong sense of national identity. In order to support linguistic vibrancy as a pillar of Indonesia's peaceful future, legislators, educators, and communities must unite in this call to action.

COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE SKILLS ACQUISITION FOR EFFECTIVE ENTREPRENUERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Monica Nnenne OKAFOR — 2024-07-31

This paper highlights the centrality of language and communication skills to all forms of human activities and interactions. It seeks to argue that the display of major entrepreneurial skills that would culminate in sustainable development is near impossible without the deployment of appropriate language skills .The communicative language skills and entrepreneurship development are examined in the light of their connectivity, essence and indispensability vis-à-vis sustainable development. To advance its purpose, the paper employs the Systemic Functional Approach to language analysis developed by Michael Halliday, which focuses on the communicative function of language. Observation and secondary data sources are the main sources of data collection. Data were subjected to descriptive and critical analyses. The paper concludes that the acquisition of appropriate knowledge and skills of communication necessary for effective operation of the entrepreneur would better equip them to achieve the goals of entrepreneurship development. It therefore recommends, among other things, that communicative language skills acquisition should be given pride of place in entrepreneurship development.

POOR ENROLMENT OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS OF NIGERIAN LANGUAGES IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION AS A THREAT TO NATIONAL HARMONY

Chinyere Benedicta ONYEMAECHI — 2024-07-31

The need for national harmony in a multilingual, multicultural nation such as Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. Diversities in worldviews emanating from differences in culture have remained a major cause of disharmony. This is seen in constant conflicts and violence across the Nigerian nation. The aim of this paper is to discuss poor enrolment of second language learners of Nigerian Languages in colleges of Education as a major threat to national Harmony. Data for the study was sourced from three years enrolment figures of ten colleges of Education that were randomly selected. Five federal colleges and five state colleges. Data generated were analysed using simple percentage. The findings from the study reveal that there is poor enrolment of second language NCE students in departments of Nigerian languages across the nation and that this poor enrolment is as a result of lack of job opportunities for holders of second language certificates, especially within their own locality. Also, the study shows that acculturation, also known as immersion programme has remained a veritable tool for debunking negative perceptions about different ethnic groups especially among the youths. It is believed that findings from the study will awaken the consciousness of the NCCE on the need to promote teaching and learning of Nigerian languages as second languages in Nigerian colleges of Education.

SURVEY INTO THE ANALYSIS OF SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS

Florence Etuwe Oghiator — 2024-07-31

This paper has extensively done a semantics-pragmatics analysis. It explained words and meaning through context independent meaning and speaker's intention through context dependent aspect of meaning. These are done by the use of human and sign language. The physical context, deixis, and linguistic context of meaning have been examined. Presupposition has also been considered w0-hen a speaker's intention is known. This paper has dealt with speech act semantics and its use in speaker's intention. Yule's direct and indirect speech acts are explained with examples; Austin's illocutionary, locutionary and intentional acts have been critically analyzed. Finally, the notion of order of event; has been discussed.