Pattern and Impact of Physical and Emotional Abuse on Women in Nigeria

Abstract

Physical and emotional abuse has been recognised as the most common form of spousal abuse among women in Nigeria. This study aims to determine the pattern and impact of physical and emotional abuse among women in Nigeria. This research adopted the integrated ecological framework by Heise as its theoretical framework. A systematic review method was employed. Data were extracted from the articles with relevant information and also from the 2008, 2013, and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. The prevalence of physical and emotional abuse is high and has risen substantially in recent years. The most commonly reported form of physical abuse by the women was being slapped by their spouses, while the most frequently reported form of emotional abuse was being insulted or being made to feel bad about themselves. Those most affected include those employed not for cash; those divorced, separated or widowed; those with primary education; those in the middle wealth quintile; those whose husbands get drunk very often; and those whose fathers beat their mothers. The most common types of injuries experienced by the victims of spousal abuse were cuts, bruises or aches, followed by eye injuries, sprains, dislocations, or burns. Physically and emotionally abused women were less likely to use antenatal care and delivery services, and more likely to experience pregnancy termination and lose a child under five years old. This study showed a high prevalence of physical and emotional abuse among women in Nigeria with a severe negative impact on their physical, mental and reproductive health. Routine screening for spousal abuse among women for early detection and intervention, women empowerment, and stiff penalties for the perpetrators were recommended to safeguard women's health and well-being.